Glossary
(CISC) Processor
Complex Instruction Set Computer Processor - the x86 and Pentium
families use CISC processors that process complex instructions requiring
less instructions per operation resulting in faster performance. The
performance efficiency of a RISC processor can sometimes, however, be
effected by the software installed in the machine as newer, more complex
software versions contain more instructions that the processor needs to
process.
(RISC) Processor
Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor - by reducing the # of
instructions that a CPU supports will reduce the complexity of the chip,
thus enhancing performance. However, the time it takes to fetch, decode
and execute the instruction may take longer than executing more code on
a CISC processor. Examples of the RISC processors are the Hitachi SH1
and SH2. Also the PowerPC uses RISC architecture.
“X” Dimension
The “X”-dimension is the narrowest bar or space in the bar code. This
bar or space is measured in millimeters. (mil=1/1000 of an inch). The
“X”- dimension defines the density of a linear symbology. Depending on
what the “X”-dimension of a bar code is, the bar code will be called
either high density or low density.
“Z” Dimension
The achieved width of the narrow elements, calculated as the average
of the narrow bar width and the average narrow space width.
2D
Two Dimensional Bar codes are special rectangular codes which ‘stack’
information in a manner allowing for more information storage in a
smaller amount of space. These are also referred to as ‘Stacked’ Bar
Codes or ‘Matrix’ Bar Codes. A standard bar code is limited to 20 to 25
characters.
Accuracy
The determination of whether any element width or inter-character gap
width (if applicable) differs from its nominal width by more than the
printing tolerance.
ADC
Automated Data Collection or Automated Data Capture - refers to all
technologies that automate the process of data collection without the
use of a keyboard, including bar code, magnetic stripe, (OCR) optical
card reader, voice recognition, smart card or (RFID) radio frequency
identification. ADC provides a quick accurate and costeffective way to
collect and enter data.
Adhesive
1) A substance (cement, glue, gum) capable of holding materials
together by surface contact. 2) The portion of a pressure sensitive
label which allows the label to cling to its intended surface.
AIAG
Automotive Industry Action Group. A trade association responsible for
creating automotive industry standards pertaining to bar code symbology
and common label formats.
AIM
Automatic Identification Manufacturers, Inc. A U.S. trade association
headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA who represent the manufacturers of
automatic identification systems.
Alignment
In an automatic identification system (Auto ID), the relative position and orientation of a scanner to the symbol.
Alphanumeric
A character set consisting of letters, numbers and usually other character such as special symbols.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute – a non-governmental
organization
responsible for the development of voluntary bar code, quality
standards. Bar code printing standards and the readability of bar code
symbols are determined and classified into grades from A to F, in order
to provide an overall symbol quality test.
Aperture
The opening on an optical system (scanner) that establishes the field of
view.
Application
The particular use of the label, tag or ticket will serve once the barcode, text, or graphic image is applied.
Application Temperature
The temperature at the time the label is applied.
Backcoating
Used on a thermal transfer ribbon to prevent the ribbon from sticking to
the printhead and to the substrate (media/label material). It also protects the printhead
from excessive heat, static, and abrasion.
Background
The spaces, quiet zones, and areas surrounding a printed symbol.
Bar Code
A bar code is a piece of Automatic Identification Technology (Auto
ID) that
stores real time data. It is a series of vertical bars or a graphical
bar pattern which can, (depending on the width and pattern) encode
numbers and letters in a format which can easily be retrieved and
interpreted by a bar code reader.
Bar code Character
A single group of bars and stripes that represents a specific
quantity (often
one) of numbers, letters, punctuation marks, or other symbols. This is
the smallest subset of a bar code symbol that contains data.
Bar Code Density
The number of characters that can be represented in a linear unit of
measure. This number is often expressed in characters per inch or cpi.
Bar Height / Length
The bar dimension perpendicular to the bar width. Also called bar
height. Scanning is performed in an axis perpendicular to the bar
length.
Bar Width
The thickness of a bar measured from the edge closest to the symbol start character to the trailing edge of the same bar.
Barcode
A barcode is a piece of Automatic Identification Technology (Auto
ID) that
stores real time data. It is a series of vertical bars or a graphical
bar pattern which can, (depending on the width and pattern) encode
numbers and letters in a format which can easily be retrieved and
interpreted by a barcode reader.
Bi-Directional
Bar code symbology capable of being read successfully independent of scanning direction.
Binary
A numbering system that uses only 1’s and 0’s.
Bitmapped Font
Refers to the inherent character and font sets found within a thermal
printer and their respective ability to be adjusted and "shunk to fit".
Bitmapped fonts are commonly available in limited point sizes - ex - 6,
8, 10, 12, 14 and 18 point - whose edges can become distorted or rough
with manipulation outside the prescribed point size ranges.
c.c.d
Charge Coupled Device. Type of bar code scanner that uses LEDs (not lasers) to flood the bar code with light.
Character
(1) A single group of bars and spaces that represents a specific
number (usually one) of numbers, letters, punctuation marks, or other
symbols. (2) A graphic shape representing a letter, numeral, or symbol.
(3) A letter, digit, or other symbol that
is used as part of the organization, control, or representation of data.
Character Alignment
The vertical or horizontal position of characters with respect to a given set of reference lines.
Character Density
Within a linear bar code symbol, the number of data characters per
unit length (typically per inch). For a discrete symbology, the
character width must include
the intercharacter gap.
Character Font
Refers to the range and variety of data characters available within a
given thermal printer model – Ex – 7 Bitmapped fonts type A,B,C,D,E,F
and 1 Scaleable font.
Character Set
A range of data characters (alpha, numeric, and/or punctuation) that
can be encoded into any given symbology. (2) Refers to the international
characters and graphic symbols available within a given thermal printer
model – Ex – IBM® Code Page 850.
Check Character
A mechanically calculated number included within a string of data
whose value is used for the purpose of performing a mathematical check
to insure that the bar code message is scanned and read correctly.
Check Character / Digit
A mechanically calculated number included within a string of data
whose value is used for the purpose of performing a mathematical check
to insure that the bar code message is scanned and read correctly.
Check Digit
A mechanically calculated number included within a string of data
whose value is used for the purpose of performing a mathematical check
to insure that the bar code message is scanned and read correctly.
Codabar
a barcode symbology that uses four bars and three spaces to represent
the numbers 0 through 9 and a set of special characters.
Code 11
is a barcode symbology developed by Intermec. It uses 11 characters: 0 through 9 and -.
Code 128
Code 128 is an alphanumeric bar code specifically designed to reduce the
amount of space the bar code occupies. Each printed character can have one of three
different meanings, depending on which of three different character sets are employed.
Code 128 can be recognized as the labeling standard for UCC/EAN 128, used as product
identification for container and pallet levels of retail markets.
Code 16k
This symbol is a stack of from 2 to 16 rows.
Code 39
is the most commonly used bar code. It can encode both numbers and
letters which is ideal for most industrial and non-retail applications. The Automotive
industry uses Code 39 as its standard for shipping container labels. If you are just
starting out a bar code application of your own, we recommend using Code 39.
Code 49
was introduced in 1987 by the Intermec Corporation as a multi-row,
continuous, variable length symbology and was the first stacked (two
dimensional) barcode to receive widespread interest.
Code 93
Code 93 is the complimentary version of Code 39 and allows labels to be
approximately 30 percent shorter than Code 39.
Concatenation
The ability of a reading system to join together that data from
multiple symbologies and interpret the information in a single message.
Continuous Bar Code
The end of each character in the bar code message marks the beginning
of the next character; there are no intercharacter gaps to separate the
characters in the bar code message. Ex – Interleaved 2 of 5 code.
Continuous Media
Label, ticket or tag stock media that does not contain any notches, gaps or
holes between each label. The label length must be specified in the label program.
Contrast
The difference in reflectance between the black and white (or bar and space) areas of a symbol.
d.p.i.
Dots Per Inch. Used in comparing relative printing resolution of thermal printheads and laser print engines.
Data Communications Equipment
(DCE) Devices designed to manipulate transmitted data, such as modem.
Data Terminal Equipment
(DTE) A digital device such as a display terminal, data entry
terminal, or printer which may be used to view or enter data. This
device has a different communication connector pinout than DCE (see
DCE).
Decoder
A software or hardware means of translating bar codes into
alphanumeric data. A bar code reader is required to scan the information
into the decoder.
Decoder
In a bar code reading system, the electronic package that receives
signals from the scanner, performs the algorithm to interpret the
signals into meaningful data, and provides the interface to other
devices.
Density
The term used to designate the compactness of a bar code which
measures the narrowest element (usually in mils) of that bar code.
Density
Within a linear bar code symbol, the number of data characters per
unit length (typically per inch). For a discrete symbology, the
character width must include the intercharacter gap.
Depth of field
The distance between the maximum and minimum plane in which a bar code reader is capable of reading symbols.
Depth of Field
The distance between the maximum and minimum plane in which a code
reader is capable of reading symbols of a specified “X” dimension.
Diffuse Reflection
The component of reflected light that emanates in all directions from the reflecting surface.
DIN connector
DIN is short for Deutsches Insitut für Normung eV, the standards
-setting organization for Germany. A DIN connector is a connector that
conforms to one of the many standards defined by DIN. DIN connectors are
used widely in personal computers. For example, the keyboard connector
for PCs is a DIN connector.
Direct Thermal
(DT) Direct thermal printing is an old technology originally designed
for low cost copiers and fax machines. It has since been transformed
into a highly successful technology for bar coding. The thermal
printhead is typically a long linear array of tiny resistive heating
elements (100-300/inch) arranged perpendicular to the paper flow. Each
thermal printhead element locally heats an area on the chemically coated
paper directly under the print element. This induces a chemical
reaction which causes a dot to form in that area. The image is formed by
building it from dot rows as the media passes underneath the active
edge of the printhead. Direct thermal printing is an excellent choice
for many bar code labeling applications. DT printers provide simplicity
and environmental economy (recyclable materials are also available).
Direct thermal printers are simple to operate compared to most other
print technologies - with no ribbons or toners to replenish - label
loading is a very simple procedure. Enables batch or single label print
capability with virtually no waste.
Discrete Bar Code
Each character of the bar code message stands alone, separated by
intercharacter gaps, and can be read independently from the others.
Dot Matrix Printing
A print technology that employs several needles which are evenly
spaced across a moveable horizontal shuttle which oscillates back and
forth as the paper advances. Dot matrix printers print a bar code by
creating overlapping adjacent dots to produce approximations of a
straight edge line. Prints low to medium density bar codes that may not
meet certain end-user guidelines. The dot size on the matrix printer
limits the narrow element size and density of the bar code. Continuous
ribbon re-use on dot
matrix printers requires continuous monitoring of ribbon condition to
ensure adequate bar code contrast - Ribbon ink that has become exhausted
can produce an image that is inadequate for scanning. Ink saturated
ribbon can result in paper “bleed” which can cause image distortion. Dot
matrix printers are modified line printers that are most frequently
used for printing batches of large labels with low density bar codes.
Printing of single, individualized labels results in significant waste -
The design of the matrix printer’s print carriage, sitting far below
the media, also does not enable one to adequately maximize one’s label
space.
DPI
Dots Per Inch. Used in comparing relative printing resolution of thermal printheads and laser print engines.
DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory – is one type of chip used in Random
Access Memory. It stores information as an electrical charge. Because
this charge dissipates over time, the computing device must periodically
run a “refresh cycle” on the chips to recharge them – hence “dynamic”.
As it is a type of RAM, it will lose its information when the device
into which it is installed is turned off. Typically, the time required
to access information with a DRAM scheme is greater than with SRAM. SRAM
chips can also not be substituted for DRAM chips; the machine (e.g.
printer) must have been designed to use SRAM.
E.A.N.
or the European Article Number is the European version of the UPC
(Uniform Product Code) bar code of retail food packaging that enables
this linear bar code to be used internationally. Like the U.S.
equivalent UPC code, there are two different types of EAN codes, EAN 8
and EAN 13.
E.D.I.
Electronic Data Interchange - A method by which data is/are electronically transmitted from one point to another.
E3
Element Energy Equalizer – Zebra’s sophisticated method of ensuring
that the correct amount of heat is delivered to each part of a printhead
at all print speeds in order to optimize the quality of the barcodes
that are produced.
EAN-13
has 13 characters or symbols. It is very much like the UPC code and
has the 13th character as a means of identifying in what country the
product will be used.
EAN-8
has a left-hand guard pattern, four odd parity digits, a center guard
pattern, four even parity digits, and a right hand guard pattern with a
total of eight symbols.
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code which was developed by
IBM and is used extensively in systems featuring IBM processors. Each
character is represented by a six bit structure with the capability of
generating 64 combinations.
Edge Roughness
Irregularities in the printing of bar code elements, resulting in a non-uniform edge and edge errors.
EDP
Electronic Data Processing - the act of processing information electronically.
EIA
Electronic Industries Association – a trade association.
Electrostatic
A method of printing that utilizes a special electrostatic paper or
charged drum, both of which attract toner to the charged area.
Element
A single bar or space in a bar code symbol.
EPROM
The abbreviation for erasable programmable Read Only Memory – (See ROM).
F.A.C.T.
Federation of Automated Coding Technology - A bureau of AIM
consisting of organizations that use and promote automatic
identification among their members.
Face Material
The part of the substrate (media) where printing occurs.
Facestock
The part of the substrate (media) where printing occurs.
First Read Rate (FRR)
The ratio of the number of successful reads on the first scanning
attempt to the number of attempts. Commonly expressed as a percentage
and abbreviated as FRR.
Fixed Ratio
The ratio between the width of the bars in the code is a fixed standard and cannot be changed.
Flash Memory
Read/Writeable RAM (a.k.a. Non-Volatile RAM) This is a type of Random
Access Memory chip that does not lose its contents when its power is
turned off; however, it can be intentionally written to, read from, and
intentionally erased. It is a type of RAM and, hence, interacts with the
computer or processor as described under “RAM” except that it does not
lose its contents when power is removed. The advantage of flash is best
understood by example:
A program or set of data could be stored into a computer or other
machine at the place where the product is built. Of course, since flash
won’t lose its contents even when it’s receiving no power, the product
could be kept on the shelf with its memory loaded for a period of time
before it’s put into service. While the product is in use, its flash
chips cannot be accidentally reprogrammed, so the data or program that
was stored in the product remains safely intact. At some point in the
future, however, if the manufacturer of the product decided that there
was a need to alter the data or the program, this could be done. The
manufacturer would send to its customers a computer file containing the
updated information. Along with the revised data or program would be a
program for the product to use to erase the old data or program and read
in the new.
Flexographic Printing
The process whereby a pre-printed label, tag or ticket is printed by
using a raised image plate surface to transfer wet ink to a printing
substrate.
Flood Coat
A thin coating of ink applied to the top of printing screen by the
flood bard or, in manual operations, by the squeegee prior to printing
the stroke.
Foil
A cloth or plastic tape coated with several layers of material, on of
which is inklike, that produces the visible marks on a substrate. Used
on formed font impact, dot matrix, thermal transfer and hot stamp
printers. Also called a ribbon.
Guard Bars
Bars that are at both ends and center of a UPC and EAN symbol which
provide reference points for scanning. Guard bars are similar in
function to start and stop characters.
Hand-Held Scanner
A hand-held scanning device used as a contact bar code reader or OCR (optical code) reader.
Heat Resistance
The property of a material which inhibits the occurrence of physical
or chemical changes caused by exposure to high temperatures.
HIBCC
Abbreviation for the Health Industry Business Communications Council –
a trade association responsible for the symbology and label format used
by the health care industry.
High Density
This bar code type has narrow spaces and bars with an “X” dimension
that is less than 7.5 mils.
Holding Power
The ability to withstand stress, as in holding rigid label materials
on smaller diameter cylindrical objects or in holding weight.
Horizontal Bar Code
A bar code or symbol presented in such a manner that its overall
length dimension is parallel to the horizon. The bars are presented in
an array that looks like a picket fence.
Human Readable
The interpretation of bar code data, often printed immediately below the bar code in a readable format to humans.
I.P.S.
Inches Per Second (refer to Print Speed)
IEEE
Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers – a trade association.
Impact Printing
or dot matrix - Any printing system where a micro-processorcontrolled
hammer impacts against a ribbon and a substrate (label media).
Industry Standards
were created to encourage consistency across specific industries.
Some of the more common standards are from the Automotive Industry
Action Group (AIAG), Electronic Industry Association (EIA), the Health
Care Industry Bar Code (HCIB) and the UCC Retail Pallet Format.
Ink Jet Printing
Common direct marking process and a favorite on high speed production
lines. Ink droplets are selectively deflected between a moving product
and an ink return channel . Ink jet printing is frequently used for
coding products and cartons with human readable data and lot codes at
very high speed and for case coding of cartons with bar codes.
Bar codes on corrugated boxes are intentionally made large so that dot
placement accuracy becomes less critical. Thus, using more ink and
creating questionable print quality and usefulness for bar coding.
Ink Layer
The bottom layer of a thermal transfer ribbon of a thermal ribbon
which is composed of waxes, resins or a combination of both.
Interlabel Gap
The space, notch or hole between labels used by the media sensor on
the printer to determine the label length and top of form.
Interleaved 2 of 5
Interleaved 2 of 5 is a linear symbology that is most often used for
encoding large amounts of information in a small area. Characters are
paired together using bars to represent the first character and spaces
to represent the second.
Interleaved 2 of 5 bar code applications are mainly seen in the
electronics and manufacturing areas.
Inventory Control
Applications where bar coding and other forms of AIDC are used to add or delete items from inventory with 100% accuracy.
IrDa
Infrared Data Association – a trade association; (2) A scanning
technology that utilizes electromagnetic radiation wavelengths longer
than those of visible light and shorter than those of microwaves.
K/W
A hardware device or software program (Software Wedge) which uses a
scanner for input and sends data directly into an application by
emulating a keyboard stroke. A wedge (hardware wedge) is an external
device and plugs between the keyboard and terminal.
KBW
A hardware device or software program (Software Wedge) which uses a
scanner for input and sends data directly into an application by
emulating a keyboard stroke. A wedge (hardware wedge) is an external
device and plugs between the keyboard and terminal.
Label
A pressure sensitive label whose face material, adhesive and
protective coatings transmit light so that objects can be seen through
it.
Label Pressure Sensitive
A pressure sensitive label product is a die-cut part that has been
converted through the production equipment using the type of pressure
sensitive material that has a protective backing. The end product is
produced in the form of rolls, sheets, fanfold or by other techniques
that produce like products which have been slit or cut from the
converted roll.
Label Thickness
denotes the ideal range of media / substrate thickness designed to promote optimum print quality and printer performance.
Ladder Orientation
A bar code symbol positioned vertically with horizontal bars and spaces.
Laminate
Apply one layer of material over another.
Laser Printing
The laser printer works much like a photocopier projecting controlled
streams of ions onto the surface of a print drum resulting in a charged
image. The charged image then selectively attracts toner particles -
transferring the image onto the
paper substrate (media) by means of pressure. The pressure from the
printhead and drum then fuse the image to the paper - creating the
image. A laser printed label is only as durable as a photocopy of paper.
They commonly cannot produce chemical or waterresistant labels. Laser
printer labeling adhesives must be carefully selected to ensure
stability under the heat and pressure of the fuser. Laser printers are
not well suited for industrial labeling applications or individual
product labeling applications. Compatible toners for thermal printing
applications are, often times, lacking. Cost of toner is significant for
barcode printing - 15-30% black for bar code print versus 5% black for
word processing print - 6 x the cost for barcoding using laser when
compared to direct thermal or thermal transfer!
Laser Scanner
An optical bar code reading device using a low-energy laser light beam as its source of illumination.
Light Pen
A hand-held pen-like contact reader which the user must sweep across
the bar code symbol in order to read the code. Also referred to as a
wand.
Linear Bar Code / Symbology
A complete bar code message is expressed in a single line of bars – also commonly referred to as a 1-Dimensional barcode.
Liner
The component of a label used to protect the adhesive and to keep it
from sticking to objects before the label is used. It readily separates
from the label immediately before the label is applied to the substrate.
Also referred to as release liner, backing paper or release paper.
LOGMARS
a Department of Defense (DOD) project on LOGistics applications of
Marking and Reading Symbols resulted in the production of a new standard
(MIL-STD-1189A) that lead to the development of Code 39 as the
established, barcode symbology to be used by all DOD vendors.
Low Density
This bar code type has bars and spaces that are wide and far apart
with an “X” dimension greater than 20 mils. This type of bar code is
used for scanning bar codes from further distances.
Machine-Readable
A general term used for printed material that can be directly transferred to a data processing system.
Manufacturer’s ID
In the UPC code, the 6-digit number applied by the UCC to uniquely
identify a manufacturer or company selling products under its own name.
Also, the first 6 digits of the 12-digit UPC.
Matrix Symbols
Appear as a checker board. They are most likely square in shape, and
contain some form of “finder pattern” which distinguishes them from
other symbols. The finder pattern provides a decoding reference for
scanners.
Maxicode
An example of a company which uses the Maxicode bar code is United
Parcel Service (UPS). The next time you receive a package from UPS, look
for a very small square with a pattern of dots and a small bulls eye in
the center. UPS uses these bar codes as a way to sort their packages
for a specific destination.
Media
The term which refers to the label, tag and/or ticket and its
respective ribbon combination. (2) The surface on which a bar code
symbol is printed. Also, interchangeably, referred to as substrate.
Media Roll Capacity
Refers to the maximum/minimum media roll diameter that a thermal
printer can accommodate – Ex – 5.0” O.D. (Outer Diameter) and 1.0” I.D.
(Inner Diameter).
Memory
Zebra thermal printers contain a variety of memory options including,
RAM, ROM, DRAM, SRAM, and Flash. For detailed descriptions of each
memory option – Refer to each herein by abbreviated name.
Misread
A condition that occurs when the data output of a reader does not agree with the data encoded in the bar code symbol.
Module
The narrowest nominal width unit of measure in a bar code symbol.
Moving Beam Bar code Reader
A scanning device where scanning motion is achieved by mechanically or electronically moving the optical geometry.
MSI
barcode symbology made up of 4 bars & 4 spaces representing the characters 0 through 9.
NIST
The National Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers – a trade association.
Nominal
The exact or ideal intended value for a specified parameter. Tolerances are
specified as positive or negative values from this specified value.
Non-Contact Reader
Bar code readers which do not require physical contact with the printed symbol.
Non-Continuous Media
Label, tag or ticket which contains either a gap, notch or hole between each label.
Non-Read
The absence of data at the scanner output after an attempted scan due
to no code, defective code, scanner failure or operator error.
Null Modem Connector
A device which connects to the serial output of a print cable and
switches pins 2 and 3, transmitted data signal and received data signal.
Numeric
A character set that includes only numbers.
OCR-A
An abbreviation commonly applied to the character set contained in
ANSI Standard X3.17-1981. A stylized font choice used for traditional
OCR printing.
ODETTE
the European equivalent of AIAG. See AIAG for further details.
Omnidirectional
Bar codes which can be read in any orientation in relation to the scanner.
On-Demand
A term used to describe when labels are printed immediately when the
customer needs them and are ready for use versus being sent off-site for
printing.
One-Dimensional Bar code
A complete bar code message is expressed in a single line of bars – also commonly referred to as a linear barcode.
Operating Temperature
denotes the prescribed temperature range for the safe operation of a thermal printer.
Orientation
The alignment of a bar code symbol with respect to horizontal. Two
possible orientations are horizontal and vertical bars and spaces
(picket fence formation) and vertical with horizontal bars and stripes
(ladder formation).
Overhead
The fixed number of characters required for start, stop, and checking
in a given bar code symbol, e.g. a symbol requiring a start and stop
character and two check characters contains four characters of overhead.
To encode three characters with the overhead listed, seven characters
are required to print.
Parallel
a link between data processing devices on which the data moves
over multiple wires and more quickly than serial interface. Imagine transmitting all 8
letters in a word at the same time over each wire. In parallel interface, the 8 bits (a
byte) are received and then processed simultaneously. A common parallel interface
option is Centronics® (36 pin) parallel.
Parallel Interface
a link between data processing devices on which the data moves over
multiple wires and more quickly than serial interface. Imagine
transmitting all 8 letters in a word at the same time over each wire. In
parallel interface, the 8 bits (a byte) are received and then processed
simultaneously. A common parallel interface option is Centronics® (36
pin) parallel.
Parity Character
An optional character which may be included in the bar code message to minimize the misreading of the message.
PDF 417
A popular two-dimensional bar code that allows thousands of
characters to
be stored in its data format of multi-stacks. Some states use this type
of bar code for
driver’s license information. Healthcare facilities may also use the
PDF417 for patient records because of the amount of data it can store.
PDF417
A popular two-dimensional bar code that allows thousands of
characters to
be stored in its data format of multi-stacks. Some states use this type
of bar code for
driver’s license information. Healthcare facilities may also use the
PDF417 for patient records because of the amount of data it can store.
PDF-417
A popular two-dimensional bar code that allows thousands of
characters to
be stored in its data format of multi-stacks. Some states use this type
of bar code for
driver’s license information. Healthcare facilities may also use the
PDF417 for patient records because of the amount of data it can store.
PDT
Portable Data Terminal. Hand-held terminal capable of storing and
recording data that is captured remotely and later transmitted into a
computer.
Pen-Scanner
A pen-like device used to read bar codes. It can be connected either
by wire to a device or be self-contained. Required direct contact with
the symbol.
Permanency
A measure of an adhesive’s ultimate holding power or bond strength. A
permanent adhesive will develop a bond that makes label removal
difficult or impossible without distorting the facestock.
Permanent Adhesive
An adhesive charactersized by relatively high ultimate adhesion, but
which can be removed. The degree of force used overcomes it bonding
ability.
Picket Fence Orientation
A bar code symbol positioned horizontally with vertical bars and spaces.
Piggyback Label
A pressure sensitive label which allows for dual usage. The construction consists of facestock, adhesive, and liner.
Pitch
refers to the rotation of a bar code symbol about an axis parallel to the direction of the bars.
Plessey Code
A pulse-width modulated bar code commonly used for shelf marking in grocery stores.
Point of Sale
refers to bar code related retail applications occurring at the point of sale .
Point of Sales
refers to bar code related retail applications occurring at the point of sale .
Polyester
A strong film having good resistance to moisture, solvents, oils and
many other chemicals. Usually transparent, although available with
metalized finish. Often used in the creation of Zebra media.
Polyethylene
A tough, sturdy plastic film having very good, low temperature characteristics. Often used in the creation of Zebra media.
Polypropylene
Similar to polyethlene but stronger and having a higher temperature resistance. Often used in the creation of Zebra media.
Postnet Code
A height modulated, numeric symbology developed by the U.S Postal
Service. This linear symbology that uses 5 bars and 4 spaces to encode
each digit. It is unique in that the bars are of different heights to
accommodate the fast printing process required by the post office as
well as its resistance to smearing.
Pre-Printed Symbol
A symbol that is printed in advance of application either on a label or on the article to be identified.
Pressure Sensitive Label
A pressure sensitive label product is a die-cut part that has been
converted through the production equipment using the type of pressure
sensitive material that has a protective backing. The end product is
produced in the form of rolls, sheets, fanfold or by other techniques
that produce like products which have been slit or cut from the
converted roll.
Print head
The device on a direct thermal or thermal transfer printer containing
the heating element that causes an image to be transferred to the
facestock.
Print Length
refers to the minimum and maximum label length a printer can print with standard or added memory capacity.
Print Method
denotes the print technology used to print a label – commonly direct thermal or thermal transfer variety.
Print Quality
The measure of compliance of a bar code symbol to the requirements of
dimensional tolerance, edge roughness, spots, voids, reflectance, PCS,
quiet zone, and encodation.
Print Speed
the speed at which the label moves through the print head measured in inches per second (ips)
Print Width
denotes the printhead width and the corresponding maximum label width that a thermal printer can optimally print on.
Printhead
The device on a direct thermal or thermal transfer printer containing
the heating element that causes an image to be transferred to the
facestock.
Product ID
In the UPC code, the 5-digit number assigned by a manufacturer to
every consumer unit in its product catalog. The Product ID is different
for every standard package (consumer unit) of the same product.
PS/2
This field indicates how many PS/2 ports, used by PS/2 keyboards and mice, are on the motherboard.
QR Code
a two-dimensional barcode developed for use in Japan that permits the
encoding of binary, Kanji, JIS, and alphanumeric information
Quality Control
Applications that use automatic identification to make sure the right
material is in stock so it can be delivered for the right cost to the
right user at the right time.
Quiet Zone
Bar code message overhead which is an area to the left and to the
right of the bar code symbol and is free of printing. This area provides
the scanning device time to adjust to the measurements of each bar code
in the message.
R.A.M.
Random Access Memory - A machine's main working memory. Program
instructions and data are stored here. Each location in memory has a
unique address, so the computer can access the information in any
location at any time it's required (i.e. “randomly”). RAM can be erased,
written to, read from, and rewritten. It is erased when a computing
device is turned off.
R.O.M.
Read Only Memory - Permanent memory, can only be read, not written to
nor erased. Typically programmed by the manufacturer carrying the
software/instructions that a computer or similar device needs in order
to get started every time it's turned on. ROM does not lose its contents
when the device it’s installed in is turned off.
Reflectance
The ratio of the amount of light of a specified wavelength or series
of wavelengths reflected from a test surface to the amount of light
reflected from a barium oxide or magnesium oxide standard.
Registration
variation from label to label of the position of what is printed onto the label as measured from the edges of the label.
Release Liner (Backing)
The portion of the pressure sensitive label which supports and holds
the facestock and adhesive until application to the intended surface is
needed.
Removable Adhesive
An adhesive characterized by relatively high cohesion strength and
low ultimate adhesion. It can removed easily from most substrate
surfaces. Some adhesive transfer could take place depending on the
affinity of the adhesive to the surface.
Residue
Adhesive left on a substrate when a decal is removed.
Resolution
The narrowest element dimension that can be distinguished by a
particular reading device or printed with a particular device or method.
Generally the higher the resolution the better the resultant print
quality.
Resolution
The narrowest element dimension that can be distinguished by a
particular reading device or printed with a particular device or method.
Measured in Dots Per Inch (dpi).
Ribbon
A cloth or plastic tape coated with several layers of material, one
of which is ink-like, that produces the visible marks on the substrate.
Used on formed font impact,
dot matrix, thermal transfer and hot stamp printers. Also called foil.
RS 232
a link between data processing devices on which all the data moves
over one wire, one bit at a time. Think of it as transmitting words one
letter at a time until a total of 8 letters or bytes (8 bits) are
received. The byte is then processed, but in a slower fashion than
parallel. Common serial interface communications are RS232 C, RS422 and
RS485 (9 or 25 Pin).
RS232
a link between data processing devices on which all the data moves
over one wire, one bit at a time. Think of it as transmitting words one
letter at a time until a total of 8 letters or bytes (8 bits) are
received. The byte is then processed, but in a slower fashion than
parallel. Common serial interface communications are RS232 C, RS422 and
RS485 (9 or 25 Pin).
RS-232
a link between data processing devices on which all the data moves
over one wire, one bit at a time. Think of it as transmitting words one
letter at a time until a total of 8 letters or bytes (8 bits) are
received. The byte is then processed, but in a slower fashion than
parallel. Common serial interface communications are RS232 C, RS422 and
RS485 (9 or 25 Pin).
S.E.R.
Substitution Error Rate –or the rate of occurrence of incorrect characters from an automatic identification system.
Scaleable Fonts
refers to the inherent character and font sets found within a thermal
printer and their respective ability to be adjusted and “shrunk to
fit”. Scaleable fonts are also commonly referred to as smooth fonts as
their point sizes can be adjusted to any desired custom size evenly and
proportionally, without the advent of visible rough edges.
Scan rate
The number of times, per second, that the device tries to read a
barcode. Generally the more scans per second, the more versatile the
device is.
Scan Spot
The size of the projection of light from a scanning device which “reads” the bar code message.
Scanner
An electronic device to read bar codes that electro-optically
converts bars and spaces into electrical signals. For RF systems see
"Interrogator".
Self -Checking
A bar code is considered self-checking if a single printing defect
will not cause a character to be transposed into another valid character
in the same symbology.
Serial
a link between data processing devices on which all the data moves
over one wire, one bit at a time. Think of it as transmitting words one
letter at a time until a total of 8 letters or bytes (8 bits) are
received. The byte is then processed, but in a slower fashion than
parallel. Common serial interface communications are RS232 C, RS422 and
RS485 (9 or 25 Pin).
Serial Interface
a link between data processing devices on which all the data moves
over one wire, one bit at a time. Think of it as transmitting words one
letter at a time until a total of 8 letters or bytes (8 bits) are
received. The byte is then processed, but in a slower fashion than
parallel. Common serial interface communications are RS232 C, RS422 and
RS485 (9 or 25 Pin).
Service Temperature
The temperature range that a pressure sensitive label will withstand
after a 72 hour residence time on the substrate. The range is expressed
in degrees Fahrenheit and /or degrees Celcius.
Shelf Life
The period of time during which a product can be stored under specified conditions and still remain suitable for use.
Show-Through
The generally undesirable property of a substrate that permits underlying markings to be seen.
Skew
Rotation of a bar code symbol about an axis parallel to the symbol’s length.
Smudge Resistance
The resistance of a printed surface to smearing.
Solvent
A dissolving, thinning or reducing agent. Specifically, a solvent is a liquid that dissolves another substance.
Source Marking
The process of labeling an item with a bar code at the point of its initial production.
Space
The lighter element of a bar code usually formed by the background between the bars.
Space Width
The thickness of a space measured from the edge closest to the
symbol’s start character to the trailing edge of the same space.
Spectral Response
The variation in sensitivity of a reading device to the light of difference wavelengths.
Specular Reflection
The mirror-like reflection of light from a surface.
Speed / Throughput
used interchangeably to refer to a rate of motion or printer
performance calculated in ips or inches per second. The higher the ips
the greater the printers performance rating.
Spot
The undesirable presence of ink or dirt in a space.
SRAM
or Static Random Access Memory - is a type of memory chip used in
Random Access Memory that can take advantage of a particular method of
working with certain main processors. In brief, a certain spot in RAM is
first accessed. Then each address after that first address is accessed
in order, up to a specific point. Because the computer doesn’t have to
“figure out” each sequential address to access, a large block of memory
can be accessed in less time than is required with DRAM. Again, you
can’t just substitute SRAM chips for DRAM chips; a machine must have
been designed to use SRAM. As it is a type of RAM, it will lose its
information when the device into which it is installed is turned off.
Start Character
A unique character to the left of the bar code which allows for
bidirectionality. (In a vertical bar code, the start character is at the
top).
Stop Character
A unique character to the right of the bar code which allows for
bidirectionality. (In a vertical label, the stop character is at the
bottom).
Storage Temperature
denotes the prescribe temperature range for the safe storage of a thermal printer.
Substitution Error
A misencodation, misread or human key entry error where incorrect
information is substituted for a character that was to be entered.
Substrate
The surface on which a bar code symbol is printed. Also, interchangeably , referred to as media.
Symbology
The language used in bar code technology (e.g. UPC, Code 39, etc).
Synthetic Substrate
Man-made materials which have been created for specific applications.
Tag Stock
Substrate which contains only the facestock and has a hole from which to be hung.
Tamperproof Label
A pressure-sensitive material that cannot be removed intact, thus making reuse of the label impossible.
Telepen
A continuous bar code which encodes the full ASCII character set.
Thermal Transfer
A process in which a set of pins on a printhead are selectively
heated onto a ribbon and the ink from the ribbon is burned (transferred)
onto the label stock. Thermal transfer leaves a permanent image on the
label.
Thermal Transfer Print
Thermal transfer printers use the same basic technology as direct
thermal printers, but with the elimination of chemically-coated media in
favor of a non-sensitized face stock and a special inked ribbon. A
durable polyester ribbon film coated with a dry thermal transfer ink is
placed between the thermal printhead and label. The thermal printhead is
used to melt the ink onto the label surface, where it cools and anchors
to the media surface. The polyester ribbon is then peeled away, leaving
behind a stable, passive image. Consistent / sharp edge bar code print
capability - with durable long-life and archival image stability. Clean,
quiet, compact operation Batch or individual label print capability.
Low cost / low maintenance compared to comparable technologies. Maximum
readability and IR scannability. High contrast text, graphic and barcode
print capability. Durable for operation joint office / industrial
applications.
Throughput
refers to the average length of label stock that a printer can
process and print in a given amount of time. Throughput differs from
print speed in that throughput includes the label transmission,
formatting and printing times. Due to these factors, a 12 ips machine
may have lower throughput than a 10 ips printer.
Transparent
A pressure sensitive label whose face material, adhesive and
protective coatings transmit light so that objects can be seen through
it.
Transparent Label
A pressure sensitive label whose face material, adhesive and
protective coatings transmit light so that objects can be seen through
it.
Two-Dimensional
Two Dimensional Bar codes are special rectangular codes which ‘stack’
information in a manner allowing for more information storage in a
smaller amount of space. These are also referred to as ‘Stacked’ Bar
Codes or ‘Matrix’ Bar Codes. A standard bar code is limited to 20 to 25
characters.
Two-Dimensional Bar code
Two Dimensional Bar codes are special rectangular codes which ‘stack’
information in a manner allowing for more information storage in a
smaller amount of space. These are also referred to as ‘Stacked’ Bar
Codes or ‘Matrix’ Bar Codes. A standard bar code is limited to 20 to 25
characters.
U.C.C.
Uniform Code Council - formerly the Uniform Product Code Council. The
organization that administers the UPC and other retail standards.
UPC Code
or Universal Product Code is the standard bar code symbol for retail
food packages in the United States. This code was modified and adapted
by Europe for international identification of food packages in the form
of EAN.
UPC-A
is the most common bar code used in retail today. It is a numeric, fixed ratio bar code with 12 characters.
UPC-E
A UPC symbol encoding six digits of data in an arrangement that
occupies less area than a UPC-A symbol. Also called “zero suppressed”
symbol because a 10-digit UPC-A code can be compressed to a six digit
UPC-E format by suppressing redundant zeros.
USB
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a "plug-and-play" interface between a
computer and add-on devices (such as scanners and printers). With USB, a
new device can be added to your computer without having to add an
adapter card or even having to turn the computer off
Variable Length Code
A code whose number of encoded characters can be within a range, as
opposed to a code with a fixed number of encoded characters.
Verifier
A device that makes measurements of the bars, spaces, quiet zones and
optical characteristics of a symbol to determine if the symbol meets
the requirements of a specification or standard.
Verifier
A device that makes measurements of the bars, spaces, quiet zones and
optical characteristics of a symbol to determine if the symbol meets
the requirements of a specification or standard. Vertical Bar Code - A
code pattern presented in such an
orientation that the axis of the symbol from start to stop is
perpendicular to the horizon. The individual bars are in an array that
appears as rungs of a ladder.
Wand
A handheld scanning device used as a contact bar code or OCR reader.
Wand / Wand Scanner
A handheld scanning device used as a contact bar code or OCR reader.
Wand Scanner
A handheld scanning device used as a contact bar code or OCR reader.
Wedge
A hardware device or software program (Software Wedge) which uses a
scanner for input and sends data directly into an application by
emulating a keyboard stroke. A wedge (hardware wedge) is an external
device and plugs between the keyboard and terminal.
ZPL
Zebra Programming Language - is the universal language / code of all
Zebra bar code printers. ZPL is an ASCII based format that enables label
generation to occur by way of an instructional blueprint defining label
length, field origin, field data
and other related information. ZPL enables labels with any combination
of text, barcode
or graphics to be created.
ZPL II
Zebra Programming Language - is the universal language / code of all
Zebra bar code printers. ZPL is an ASCII based format that enables label
generation to occur by way of an instructional blueprint defining label
length, field origin, field data
and other related information. ZPL enables labels with any combination
of text, barcode
or graphics to be created.